|
Kalmyk cattle ((ロシア語:Калмыцкая), ''Kalmytskaya'') are a beef cattle breed originating in Mongolia and northwestern China and taken to southeastern Russia by migrating Kalmyk tribes in the early 17th century. They are now found in central Asia and Southern Russia on dry steppe pastures.〔(Food and Agriculture Organisation genetic resources study )〕 ==Description== Kalmyk cattle are red with white markings on the head, belly and legs. They are medium-sized, compact animals with a small head, long face and short horns. There is a well-developed dewlap. Believed to originate from Indian cattle they have a high number of sweat glands, allowing them to endure high summer temperatures, and grow a long thick coat in winter. Cows weigh around 420 to 500 kg and bulls 750 to 850 kg. The Russian cattle expert A.V. Cherekayev wrote about the Kalmyk breed in his book "Beef cattle raising: breeds, techniques, herd managing" (Moscow, 2010): :"For a long time this breed was considered an aboriginal cattle, which, as well as Kyrgyz cattle was in need of further enhancement. However deeper research showed that the Kalmyk cattle is a quite modern and highly productive breed, which has its own distinctive structure embedded into the breed’s array. It is a breed that possesses a set of valuable qualities that no other breed in the world has. Therefore the decision was made to bring the Kalmyk breed into accordance with modern requirements. The pedigree work on Kalmyk cattle was at one time headed by two talented scientists from Orenburg Research Institute of beef cattle breeding – masters of agricultural science A.V. Zarkevitch and G.S. Azarov. In relatively short time they revealed a number of highly productive related groups of animals and unified them into branches and families, studied and developed different types within the breed and different areal types. On their proposal a number of pedigree cattle farms (outfit) were founded in Republic of Kalmykia, Rostov and Astrakhan regions. The Kalmyk breed is typical steppe cattle, well adapted for breeding not only in arid steppes, but also in semidesert and even desert conditions. Having strong and hard frame and conformation, as early as on the fourth or fifth day after birth, Kalmyk breed calves are able to walk many kilometers a day through dry steppe at 30-40 °Ce heat in search of feed and water. The Kalmyk breed has no equals among other cattle breeds in terms of robustness, hardiness, strength of the frame and conformation. Therefore the technique for breeding it can be even more yielding, more simple and cheaper than for other beef cattle breeds. The Kalmyk breed is represented by quite large animals. Live weight of cows is around 500 kilograms, bulls – 700-800 kilograms. Cows have excellent maternal qualities. They never have calving problems. The cows will never allow any predators, including wolves or even unfamiliar people to approach not only the calves but also the herd itself. In harsh steppe conditions they raise their calves up to 180-200 kilograms by the age of 6–8 months. Kalmyk cattle have its own secure, nowadays largely unoccupied niche – vast Russian steppes in the East and the West of the country. They can be quickly and successfully utilized by the use of Kalmyk cattle and high-quality beef can be produced there. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kalmyk cattle」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|